Scopes and Hubs

When an event is captured and sent to Sentry, SDKs will merge that event data with extra information from the current scope. SDKs will typically automatically manage the scopes for you in the framework integrations and you don't need to think about them. However, you should know what a scope is and how you can use it for your advantage.

What's a Scope, What's a Hub

You can think of the hub as the central point that our SDKs use to route an event to Sentry. When you call init() a hub is created and a client and a blank scope are created on it. That hub is then associated with the current thread and will internally hold a stack of scopes.

The scope will hold useful information that should be sent along with the event. For instance contexts or breadcrumbs are stored on the scope. When a scope is pushed, it inherits all data from the parent scope and when it pops all modifications are reverted.

The default SDK integrations will push and pop scopes intelligently. For instance web framework integrations will create and destroy scopes around your routes or controllers.

How the Scope and Hub Work

As you start using an SDK, a scope and hub are automatically created for you out of the box. It's unlikely that you'll interact with the hub directly unless you're writing an integration or you want to create or destroy scopes. Scopes, on the other hand are more user facing. You can call configure_scope at any point in time to modify data stored on the scope. This is useful for doing things like modifying the context.

When you call a global function such as capture_event internally Sentry discovers the current hub and asks it to capture an event. Internally the hub will then merge the event with the topmost scope's data.

Configuring the Scope

The most useful operation when working with scopes is the configure_scope function. It can be used to reconfigure the current scope.

You can, for instance, add custom tags or inform Sentry about the currently authenticated user.

import sentry_sdk

with sentry_sdk.configure_scope() as scope:
    scope.set_tag("my-tag", "my value")
    scope.user = {"id": 42, "email": "john.doe@example.com"}

    # reset all scope data
    scope.clear()

# Or:

sentry_sdk.set_tag("my-tag", "my value")
sentry_sdk.set_user({"id": 42, "email": "john.doe@example.com"})

You can also apply this configuration when unsetting a user at logout:

from sentry_sdk import set_user

set_user(None)

To learn what useful information can be associated with scopes see the context documentation.

Local Scopes

We also support pushing and configuring a scope within a single call. This is typically called push_scope or implemented as a function parameter on the capture methods, depending on the SDK. It's very helpful if you only want to send data for one specific event.

Using push_scope

In the following example we use push_scope to attach a level and a tag to only one specific error:

from sentry_sdk import push_scope, capture_exception

with push_scope() as scope:
    scope.set_tag("my-tag", "my value")
    scope.level = 'warning'
    # will be tagged with my-tag="my value"
    capture_exception(Exception("my error"))

# will not be tagged with my-tag
capture_exception(Exception("my other error"))

While this example looks similar to configure_scope, it is actually very different. Calls to configure_scope change the current active scope; all successive calls to configure_scope will maintain previously set changes unless they are explicitly unset.

On the other hand, push_scope creates a clone of the current scope, and the changes made will stay isolated within the push_scope callback function. This allows you to more easily isolate pieces of context information to specific locations in your code or even call clear to briefly remove all context information.